Based on the quick but informative feedback given thus far, and some Google research:
Step one will be to purchase one of those tall tree-house posts for him to scratch and climb. I'm also going to get a leash to take him outside into the backyard, and let him have fun occasionally.
Step two is to use squirt guns to deter his bad behavior, from a distance, so he equates the punishment with the crime rather than with me.
Step three will will be laser declaw surgery, if and only if there are bad incidents with the claws. He should never be around the 1 year old without supervision anyways. Any thoughts of making him an outdoor kitty are abandoned.
I love my kitty. I took him in from the street a few years ago, got rid of his buggies, and had him fixed. He's always been wild, and violently attacked me twice not long after getting him. (I've never bled so much.) He's calmed down a lot since then, hasn't attacked anyone, and now curls up in my lap or next to me in bed for his naps. He still has problems getting along with other animals though, and sometimes he seems to get angry enough to attack someone again, but I'm able to calm him.
The main thing he does, that I would like to stop, is that he will get on a shelf, ANY shelf, and push everything off of it onto the floor. It's actually pretty cute, until things break, or I step on a sharp object. He treats the shelves as his trees, and insists on clearing off the space as his own. I've been unable to break him of this over the years, and have simply packed up all my figurines, oriental eggs, etc. I have at times used VERY high shelves, but they have to be so high that's it's inconvenient for me to use them.
He also occasionally scratches the furniture, but I have been fighting this with catnip on his scratching post, and a water bottle when I notice him scratching something he shouldn't. It's still hard to keep nice things out, though.
Finally, he vomits a lot (it seems to be mostly hair, mixed with whatever), but I don't get mad at this, as it's generally quick and easy to clean up. He has always used his litter box without fail, as well.
The shelf problem has to stop. We're moving in July, into a bigger home, and I'm determined to stop letting his actions dictate how I live. I see few options.
1) Try declawing him. For obvious reasons, I'm not comfortable with this, but it would ensure he doesn't tear up the new chairs and gaming table I'm setting up, and maybe he would stop being destructive in other ways as well. Also, he's going to be around a 1-year old child now, and he still has problems clawing people, often on accident.
2) Make him an outdoor kitty. He always wants out (as demonstrated by my destroyed mini-blinds), so I could give him what he wishes. We're going to have an incredibly large backyard, with an 8-foot privacy fence. I could keep food and water available for him. We'll be living in a cul-de-sac, so traffic will be minimal. I would still, however, be constantly worried about him.
He's standing on my computer tower right now. Looming over me like a gargoyle.